Breakthrough study links regional venom variability to climate, paving the way for targeted antivenom therapies
New Delhi, April 10 – A groundbreaking study by researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, has led to the development of climate-based "venom maps" for Russell’s viper, one of India’s deadliest snakes. The findings, published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, could significantly enhance clinical treatment of snakebite victims by helping doctors anticipate venom effects based on geographical location.
Russell’s viper is widely regarded as the most dangerous snake species in India in terms of the number of human fatalities and injuries it causes. “It kills and maims more people than any other snake species,” said Kartik Sunagar from IISc’s Centre for Ecological Sciences, one of the study’s lead authors.
Climate Plays a Crucial Role in Venom Variability
The researchers explored how various environmental factors—specifically temperature, humidity, and rainfall—affect the venom composition of Daboia russelii, the scientific name for Russell’s viper.
"While previous studies from our lab have examined biotic factors like dietary changes in shaping venom toxicity, this is the first time we’re highlighting the influence of climatic conditions," Sunagar explained.
For the study, venom samples from 115 vipers were collected across 34 different regions in India. These samples were analyzed for enzymatic activities, including those that break down proteins, phospholipids, and amino acids—key contributors to the venom’s toxicity.
Mapping Venom Across India
The analysis revealed a distinct pattern: temperature and rainfall had a measurable impact on venom composition. For instance, protease activity—responsible for breaking down proteins—was found to be higher in vipers inhabiting drier regions.
“Our findings reveal a collective influence of various temperature and precipitation parameters that partly explain the variability in enzymatic activities of D. russelii venom,” the researchers noted.
Using this data, the team developed a comprehensive venom map predicting the types of venom that Russell’s vipers are likely to produce in different parts of the country.
Implications for Clinical Treatments and Antivenom Development
These venom maps hold significant potential for improving medical response to snakebites. They can help doctors anticipate region-specific symptoms and administer more effective, targeted treatments. This includes the development of toxin-specific antibodies tailored to local venom profiles, improving the accuracy and efficiency of antivenom therapy.
As snakebite remains a major public health concern in India, particularly in rural areas, this research marks a critical step toward more personalized and effective treatment protocols.
Last updated by a enewsx:
